Perineal Massage

Perineal Massage: What It Is and Why It Matters for Birth

If you’re preparing for birth, you might have heard about perineal massage—but what is it, and does it actually help? Let’s break it down in simple terms.

What Is Perineal Massage?

Perineal massage is a technique that involves gently stretching and massaging the perineum (the area between the vagina and anus) during pregnancy or labor. The goal is to increase flexibility, reduce tearing, and help the perineal tissues stretch more easily during childbirth.

Tearing during vaginal birth is very common—about 85-90% of first-time moms experience some form of perineal trauma (Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, RCOG). The good news? Most tears heal well with the right care and support.

How Common Are Perineal Tears?

First-Degree Tear – A small tear that only affects the skin. Usually heals quickly with minimal discomfort.

Types of Tearing

Second-Degree Tear – A deeper tear that involves both skin and muscle. May require stitches but heals well with time.

Third-Degree Tear – A more significant tear that extends into the anal sphincter muscle. Requires medical repair and a structured recovery plan.

Fourth-Degree Tear – The most severe tear, extending through the anal sphincter and into the rectum. Proper healing requires specialized care and pelvic therapy.

Image credit: mypfm.com

While minor tears heal quickly, third- and fourth-degree tears can lead to complications like incontinence, pain, and longer recovery times. The good news? Research shows that perineal massage can reduce the risk of severe tearing.

Reduce the Risk of Tearing with Perineal Massage

Research shows that practicing perineal massage in the final weeks of pregnancy can:
✔ Lower the risk of third- and fourth-degree tears
✔ Reduce the need for episiotomies (surgical cuts)
✔ Speed up postpartum healing
✔ Lessen perineal pain after birth
✔ Even shorten the pushing phase during labor!

How to Perform Perineal Massage

If you want to try perineal massage, start around 34-35 weeks of pregnancy and aim for a few minutes, 3-4 times per week. Here’s a simple guide:

  1. Wash your hands and use a lubricant like coconut oil or a water-based lubricant.

  2. Find a comfortable position, like sitting or reclining with your knees bent.

  3. Insert two fingers about an inch into the vagina, or use a perineal massage tool!

  4. Gently stretch downward and outward in a U-shape, applying slight pressure.

  5. Hold the stretch for about 30-60 seconds, then relax and repeat.

Some partners may also help with perineal massage, but it’s entirely up to you!