Pelvic Organ Prolapse

Pelvic Organ Prolapse (POP): What Every Woman Should Know

Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) happens when one or more of the pelvic organs (like the bladder, uterus, or rectum) shift downward and press into the vaginal wall. This is caused by weakness or injury in the muscles and tissues that support your pelvic organs — especially the pelvic floor.

It’s more common than many women realize. In fact, up to 50% of women will have some degree of prolapse in their lifetime, though not everyone will have symptoms.

Common Symptoms of Prolapse

You might experience:

  • A feeling of heaviness or pressure in the pelvis

  • A bulge in or near the vaginal opening

  • Feeling like something is “falling out”

  • Difficulty fully emptying your bladder or bowels

  • Low back ache or pelvic discomfort that worsens as the day goes on

  • Sexual discomfort or decreased sensation

If you're noticing any of these, you're not alone — and you're not broken.

What Causes Prolapse?

  • Pregnancy and Vaginal Delivery

    Especially forceps use, larger babies, or long pushing stages.

  • Aging and Hormonal Changes

    Estrogen decreases during perimenopause and menopause, which affects tissue strength.

  • High-Impact Exercise or Poor Lifting Technique

    Heavy lifting or jumping without pelvic floor support can contribute.

  • Prior Pelvic Surgeries or Hysterectomy

    Scar tissue or altered anatomy may weaken internal support.

  • Chronic Constipation and Straining

    Ongoing straining with bowel movements puts pressure on pelvic structures.

  • Genetics and Tissue Flexibility

    Some women are naturally more flexible or have “stretchier” tissues.

Different Types of Prolapse:

Bladder Prolapse (Cystocele)

The bladder pushes into the front wall of the vagina.

Signs may include:

  • Incomplete bladder emptying

  • Feeling the need to pee again right after going

  • Leaking with coughing, sneezing, or movement

  • Frequent UTIs

  • Needing to lean forward to pee fully

Rectal Prolapse (Rectocele)

The rectum bulges into the back wall of the vagina.

Signs may include:

  • Stool feels “stuck” or hard to pass

  • Straining or pressing near the vagina to poop

  • Incomplete emptying or constipation

  • A bulge in the vaginal wall

Uterine Prolapse

The uterus drops into the vaginal canal.

Signs may include:

  • Pelvic heaviness or dragging sensation

  • Bulge or “something falling out” feeling

  • Worsening pressure throughout the day

  • Discomfort with sex

  • Difficulty using a tampon or menstrual cup

Urethral Prolapse (Urethrocele)

The urethra (urine tube) drops or bulges.

Signs may include:

  • Leaking urine, especially with movement

  • Weak or slow urine stream

  • Feeling of not being able to go, even with urgency

  • Vaginal irritation near the opening

Often occurs with bladder prolapse (urethrocystocele).

Vaginal Vault Prolapse

The top of the vagina drops, often after hysterectomy.

Signs may include:

  • A deep vaginal pressure or “collapse” feeling

  • Pelvic pain or heaviness

  • Trouble using tampons or pessaries

  • Bulging sensation, especially after standing

If You're Noticing These Symptoms-

Pelvic floor therapy is a first-line, evidence-based option.
Many people find relief without surgery through strengthening, coordination, and support strategies.